Introduction
December 2025
Major events
December opened with alarm at OpenAI. On December 1 Sam Altman declared a “code red” to improve ChatGPT after reports that Google’s Gemini 3 had overtaken it, delaying advertising and shopping agents to concentrate staff on the chatbot. Three days later Google brought Gemini 3 Deep Think to its top subscribers. Ten days after the code red, OpenAI released GPT-5.2, followed by GPT-5.2-Codex and a new ChatGPT Images model, and Google answered with Gemini 3 Flash across its products and a Deep Research agent developers could build on. DeepSeek released V3.2, Z.ai GLM-4.7, Nvidia its Nemotron 3 open models, and Runway both a new video model and interactive world models.
Governments moved on several fronts. On December 11 President Trump ordered the Justice Department to challenge state AI laws that conflicted with federal policy. Britain’s AI Security Institute published its first public report on frontier-model trends, China proposed rules for AI services that imitate human companionship, and the Energy Department signed up 24 organizations for the Genesis Mission. Deals marked the month: Disney licensed more than 200 characters to OpenAI’s Sora and agreed to invest $1 billion, Groq licensed its technology to Nvidia as its founder moved there, Manus joined Meta, and SoftBank completed its $30 billion investment in OpenAI.
Patterns and trends
Agents were built into the places people already work. Adobe put Photoshop and Acrobat inside ChatGPT, Accenture planned to train about 30,000 staff on Claude, Anthropic turned Agent Skills into an open standard, and xAI launched Grok for businesses. Nvidia spread well beyond chips, buying the developer of the Slurm scheduler, releasing open models and data, and licensing Groq’s inference designs. And the month ended on a warning: Geoffrey Hinton said AI had progressed faster than he expected and that he was more worried than when he left Google.
Long-term threads
December closed several of the year’s longest threads. The fight over state AI laws, open since attorneys general opposed a federal moratorium in May, became a federal order. SoftBank’s funding, agreed in March, was completed. Manus, which previewed its agent in March, joined Meta; the Genesis Mission, ordered in November, gained its first partners; Agent Skills, introduced in October, became a shared format. China’s draft rules took up the companion-chatbot concerns the FTC had examined in September. Disney’s Sora license extended the licensing market that had grown alongside the copyright cases since the Times–Amazon deal in May. Groq’s arrangement repeated the license-and-hire structure Google had used with Windsurf in July. And Hinton’s estimate that the tasks AI can handle double about every seven months echoed the measurement METR had published in March. The frontier, meanwhile, turned over faster than ever: GPT-5.2 arrived less than a month after GPT-5.1.